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Driver

A driver is an electronic device that regulates the current and voltage sent to an LED (or sometimes another type of light, such as a halogen bulb ). It ensures that the light operates correctly, as LEDs, for example, require a constant current, regardless of variations in the mains voltage.

What does a driver do?

  1. Voltage conversion :
    • The driver converts the mains voltage (which is usually alternating current, such as 230V in Europe) to the correct constant current and voltage required by the LED or other light source. This prevents damage from excessive voltage or current.
  2. Current control :
    • LEDs function best with a constant current. The driver ensures that the current flowing through the LED remains constant, even when the mains voltage fluctuates.
  3. Protection of the lighting :
    • A driver often offers overload protection , short circuit protection , and overheating protection to extend the life of the lamp or light.
  4. Dimmability :
    • Some drivers allow you to dim the lighting by adjusting the current to the LED. This is often used in combination with dimmable switches or dimming systems such as DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface).

Types of drivers:

  1. Current driver :
    • This type of driver supplies a constant current to the LED, which is essential because LEDs are sensitive to fluctuations in current.
  2. Voltage driver :
    • This type of driver provides a constant voltage, which is often used with light sources that do not require a constant current, such as some older lighting technologies.
  3. Dimmable drivers :
    • These drivers can control the lighting output based on an external signal. This allows you to adjust the brightness of the lighting (for example, with a dimmer or via a lighting control system).
  4. Integral driver :
    • An integral driver is built into the light source, as with many modern LED lamps, simplifying installation. This is often found in pre-assembled LED lamps or fixtures.
  5. External driver :
    • In some systems, the driver is located outside the fixture and is a separate device that controls the lighting.

Characteristics of a good driver:

  • Efficiency : An efficient driver consumes less energy and generates less heat, which contributes to energy savings and a longer lifespan of the lighting.
  • Lifespan : Quality drivers often last as long as the light they power. Well-designed drivers can extend the lifespan of the lamp.
  • Compatibility : The driver must be compatible with the specific requirements of the light source. This includes the correct voltage, current, and power.
  • Size and ease of installation : Some drivers are compact and easy to install into a fixture, while others require larger external units.

Driver Applications:

  • LED Lighting : The most common application for drivers is in LED lights , as this lighting technology has specific current and voltage requirements.
  • Industrial Lighting : LED lighting in factories or warehouses often requires external drivers for energy efficiency and reliable operation.
  • Mood lighting : In applications where dimming is required, such as in restaurants, theatres or homes, dimmable drivers are used.

Summary:

A driver is essential for the proper functioning of LED lighting and other light sources. It regulates the voltage and current supplied to the light, provides protection, and can support dimmability and other functions. There are various types of drivers, including dimmable and non-dimmable versions, depending on the lighting requirements. A well-chosen driver can increase energy efficiency, improve performance, and extend the lifespan of the lighting.