Knowledge base

Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD IV)

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive IV (EPBD IV) is a European directive that aims to improve the energy performance of buildings...

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European lighting standards

In Europe, various lighting standards and guidelines exist to ensure safe , efficient , and healthy lighting in both work and residential...

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Skyglow (scattered light)

Skyglow is the phenomenon where the natural darkness of night is disrupted by the illumination of urban areas and environments with heavy...

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Glare (light pollution)

Glare (or light pollution ) is a visual phenomenon in which excessively bright or poorly focused lighting has a disruptive effect on...

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Light scattering

Light scattering is the phenomenon in which light rays are scattered in different directions by particles or imperfections in a medium, such...

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Light pollution

Light pollution refers to excessive, unwanted lighting in the environment that disrupts the natural darkness of night and has harmful effects on...

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Wood lamp (UVA lamp)

A Wood's lamp is a special type of ultraviolet (UV) lamp often used in medical, dermatological, and forensic applications. The device emits...

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Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE)

The International Commission on Illumination ( CIE ) is a global organization dedicated to promoting knowledge and cooperation in the fields of...

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Ruhmkorff lamp

A Ruhmkorff lamp is a type of gas discharge lamp that uses an induction coil to generate high voltages to create an...

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Geissler tube

A Geissler tube is an early form of gas discharge tube invented in 1857 by German physicist Heinrich Geissler . This type...

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Tanning lamp

A tanning lamp is a special lamp that emits ultraviolet (UV) radiation , intended to tan the skin by stimulating melanin production....

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Moore lamp

A Moore lamp is an early gas-discharge lamp invented in 1896 by Daniel McFarlan Moore . It was an improved version of...

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