Knowledge base
Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD IV)
The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive IV (EPBD IV) is a European directive that aims to improve the energy performance of buildings and reduce CO₂ emissions, with the ultimate goal...
Read moreEuropean lighting standards
In Europe, various lighting standards and guidelines exist to ensure safe , efficient , and healthy lighting in both work and residential environments. These standards are often developed by organizations...
Read moreSkyglow (scattered light)
Skyglow is the phenomenon where the natural darkness of night is disrupted by the illumination of urban areas and environments with heavy artificial light , causing the sky above an...
Read moreGlare (light pollution)
Glare (or light pollution ) is a visual phenomenon in which excessively bright or poorly focused lighting has a disruptive effect on a person's eyes, impairing vision and causing discomfort....
Read moreLight scattering
Light scattering is the phenomenon in which light rays are scattered in different directions by particles or imperfections in a medium, such as air, water, or glass. It occurs when...
Read moreLight pollution
Light pollution refers to excessive, unwanted lighting in the environment that disrupts the natural darkness of night and has harmful effects on both the environment and human health. This problem...
Read moreWood lamp (UVA lamp)
A Wood's lamp is a special type of ultraviolet (UV) lamp often used in medical, dermatological, and forensic applications. The device emits long-wave UV light (UV-A) , with a wavelength...
Read moreCommission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE)
The International Commission on Illumination ( CIE ) is a global organization dedicated to promoting knowledge and cooperation in the fields of lighting and lighting technology. Founded in 1900 ,...
Read moreRuhmkorff lamp
A Ruhmkorff lamp is a type of gas discharge lamp that uses an induction coil to generate high voltages to create an electric discharge in a gas. Invented by German...
Read moreGeissler tube
A Geissler tube is an early form of gas discharge tube invented in 1857 by German physicist Heinrich Geissler . This type of tube was used for experiments with electrical...
Read moreTanning lamp
A tanning lamp is a special lamp that emits ultraviolet (UV) radiation , intended to tan the skin by stimulating melanin production. These lamps are used in tanning beds, facial...
Read moreMoore lamp
A Moore lamp is an early gas-discharge lamp invented in 1896 by Daniel McFarlan Moore . It was an improved version of the standard incandescent lamp and was developed as...
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